Community action for health in socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods in Barcelona: Evaluating its effects on health and social class health inequalities.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyse trends in several health-related indicators in socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods in Barcelona with strong community action for health (CA), and compare them to neighbourhoods without such community action. A secondary goal was to analyse trends in socioeconomic inequalities in health in both types of neighbourhood. METHODS: We performed a quasi-experimental pre-post study using data from the Barcelona Health Surveys of 2001 and 2011. Our dependent variables were self-perceived health, mental health, previous drug use, and smoking cessation. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: The percentage of men who had ever used drugs decreased over time in neighbourhoods with strong CA (PR = 0.48; 95% CI:0.25-0.92, from 2001 to 2011), but not in neighbourhoods without CA (PR = 1.02; 95% CI:0.74-1.40). However, the prevalence of poor mental health among men increased more in neighbourhoods with strong CA than in neighbourhoods without CA (p-value = 0.025). Among women, social class inequalities in poor mental health and smoking cessation decreased over time in neighbourhoods with strong CA but not in neighbourhoods without CA. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows promising results regarding the effect of community action on health, particularly in terms of inequalities. Our results highlight the importance of allocating resources to implement and continuously evaluate CA initiatives.

Engagement (compromiso), resiliencia y empatía en auxiliares de enfermería / Engagement, resilience and empathy in nursing assistants

Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de engagement, resiliencia y empatía, y la relación entre ellos, en una muestra de auxiliares de enfermería que desempeñan su trabajo en diferentes centros privados de Huelva. Método: El diseño corresponde a un estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra la componen 128 auxiliares de enfermería de centros privados de Huelva, a quienes se les han administrado los siguientes instrumentos: escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, índice de reactividad interpersonal y Utrech Work Engagement Scale. Conclusiones: Existe relación entre los componentes cognitivos y emocionales del engagement y la empatía. Variables asociadas a la organización del trabajo y las condiciones laborales, como la antigüedad laboral, el tipo de jornada y el turno de trabajo, se encuentran asociadas con el engagement (AU)

Objective: To analyse the levels of engagement, resilience and empathy, and the relationship between them, in a sample of nursing assistants working in different private institutions in Huelva. Method: A transversal, descriptive study. The sample comprised 128 nursing assistants working in private health centres of Huelva. They were given the following instruments: resilience scale Wagnild and Young, Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Utrech Work Engagement Scale. Conclusions: There is a relationship between the cognitive and emotional components of engagement and empathy. Certain sociodemographic variables associated with the organisation of work and working conditions are associated with level of engagement (AU)

Prosthetic hip joint infection caused by Campylobacter fetus: a case report and literature review / Infección de prótesis de cadera causada por Campylobacter fetus: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura

No disponible

Engagement, resilience and empathy in nursing assistants. / Engagement (compromiso), resiliencia y empatía en auxiliares de enfermería.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the levels of engagement, resilience and empathy, and the relationship between them, in a sample of nursing assistants working in different private institutions in Huelva. METHOD: A transversal, descriptive study. The sample comprised 128 nursing assistants working in private health centres of Huelva. They were given the following instruments: resilience scale Wagnild and Young, Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Utrech Work Engagement Scale. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between the cognitive and emotional components of engagement and empathy. Certain sociodemographic variables associated with the organisation of work and working conditions are associated with level of engagement.

Streptobacillus moniliformis: diferencias in vivo e in vitro / Streptobacillus moniliformis: in vivo and in vitro differences

No disponible

Concepciones sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en docentes de carreras de salud / Teacher’s conceptions on teaching and learning in health undergraduate programs

Introducción. Las concepciones de los docentes influyen en la interpretación de las situaciones educativas y en su práctica pedagógica cotidiana. Conocerlas es importante para planificar procesos de formación. Objetivos. Describir las concepciones sobre el aprendizaje y la enseñanza que tienen los docentes de las carreras de salud de una facultad, establecer si esas concepciones tienen semejanzas con algunas de las clasificaciones descritas en otros trabajos y si estos docentes sostienen concepciones cercanas a las perspectivas constructivistas. Sujetos y métodos. El estudio se realizó desde la perspectiva de la fenomenografía con entrevistas semiestructuradas. La muestra se seleccionó en forma intencional y fue de 28 docentes de carreras de salud con formación pedagógica. Se llevó a cabo un análisis por dimensión y otro sobre la consistencia interna de cada entrevista. Resultados. A partir de los análisis por dimensión y de cada entrevista, se elaboraron tres perfiles de concepciones: docente proveedor-estudiante reproductor pasivo, docente entrenador-estudiante reproductor activo y docente tutor-estudiante gestor. Conclusiones. Los docentes entrevistados, aun teniendo formación específica en educación, no conciben el aprendizaje como un proceso de construcción, sino como la incorporación del conocimiento socialmente validado. Además, utilizan terminología que proviene del constructivismo sin poder dar cuenta del significado de estos términos en el contexto de la teoría del aprendizaje que los sustenta. En la comparación con otros autores, los perfiles elaborados a partir de las entrevistas estarían más cerca de concepciones directas e interpretativas del aprendizaje y no aparecen perfiles en los que claramente se defina el aprendizaje como proceso de construcción de conocimientos (AU)

Introduction. The conceptions of teachers influence the interpretation of educational situations and their daily pedagogical practice. Knowing them is important for planning training processes. Aims. To describe the conceptions about the learning and the teaching that the teachers of the health careers of an university have, to establish if these conceptions have similarities with some of the classifications already described in other publications and if these teachers support conceptions close to the constructivist perspectives. Subjects and methods. The study was performed from the perspective of phenomenology with semi-structured interviews. The sample was intentionally selected and was of 28 teachers of health careers with pedagogical training. An analysis was carried out by dimension and another one of internal consistency of each interview. Results. On this basis, three profiles of conceptions were elaborated: teaching provider-passive student, teacher-coachactive student, and teacher-tutor-student manager. Conclusions. The teachers interviewed, even with specific training in education, do not conceive learning as a construction process, but only as the incorporation of socially validated knowledge. But, in addition, they use terminology that comes from constructivism without being able to account for the meaning of these terms in the context of the learning theory that sustains them. In the comparison with other authors, the profiles elaborated would be closer to direct and interpretative conceptions of learning and there are no profiles in which learning is clearly defined as a process of knowledge construction (AU)

La "Triada Oscura de la Personalidad" y tácticas de retención de pareja / No disponible

El objetivo principal de este estudio ha sido analizar la «Triada Oscura de la Personalidad» y las tácticas de retención de pareja en una muestra de población general. Asimismo, como objetivos específicos se plantea determinar la incidencia de los rasgos de la Triada en dicha muestra, así como estudiar la existencia de diferencias en las tácticas de retención de pareja utilizadas en función del sexo, situación sentimental y orientación sexual de los participantes.Se ha realizado un diseño transversal y se siguió una metodología selectiva ex post facto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 229 personas de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 62 años y fue seleccionada mediante un muestreo accidental online. Para la recogida de datos se aplicaron tres cuestionarios; The Dirty Dozen (DD), Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form (MRI-SF) y Protocolo de recogida de información sociodemográfica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los hombres presentan mayor TRIOPE que las mujeres, que éstos aplican mayores tácticas de retención de pareja, y que las personas que conviven con su pareja utilizan más tácticas de retención de pareja

The main objective of this study has been analyzed in the Dark Triad Personality and the retention tactics of couple in a sample of general population. Likewise, specific objectives are to determine the incidence of Triada traits in the sample, as well as to study the existence of differences in the retention tactics of couples based on sex, the emotional situation and the sexual orientation of the participants. A cross-sectional design was carried out and an ex post facto selective methodology was followed. The sample consisted of 229 people aged between 17 and 62 years and was selected by means of an accidental online sampling. For data collection, three questionnaires were applied; The Dirty Dozen (DD), Mate Retention Inventory Short-Form (MRI-SF) and Protocol for the Collection of Sociodemographic Information. The results obtained show that men present a greater TRIOPE than women, these apply greater retention tactics of couple, and that the people who live with their partner they use more retention tactics of couple

Impact of using artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria from Plasmodium falciparum in a non-endemic zone.

BACKGROUND: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been adopted by the World Health Organization as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In endemic regions, it has proven more effective in treating the disease, and even in reducing its transmission. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of studies carried out in non-endemic areas on imported uncomplicated malaria. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational study performed on patients diagnosed and admitted with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria between 2004 and 2015. The objective was to compare the parasite clearance period and the average hospital length of stay for patients treated with ACT vs those receiving other treatment regimens. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients were included in the study. Fifty-one received ACT treatment (dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine) and thirty-four patients were treated with quinine sulfate+doxycycline or atovaquone/proguanil. The parasite clearance period was shorter in the group of patients treated with ACT compared to those receiving other treatment types: 24 h (IQR 24) vs 48 h (IQR 48), p < 0.01. The average hospital stay was also shorter in the ACT group with respect to the second group: 2.67 days (IQR 1.08) vs 3.96 days (IQR 2.87), p < 0.001. A mild case of hepatitis was registered in the group treated with ACT. CONCLUSIONS: ACT treatment of admitted hospital patients with imported uncomplicated malaria from P. falciparum reduced the days spent hospitalized as well as producing a more rapid parasite clearance compared to classic treatment. In spite of being treated with safe medications, one has to be alert to possible adverse effects such as hepatitis and delayed haemolytic anaemia.

Staphylococcus epidermidis resistente a linezolid en paciente con prótesis articular / Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a patient with prosthetic joint

No disponible

Epidemiological investigation of a foodborne outbreak in Spain associated with U.S. West Coast genotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

We describe an outbreak of seafood-associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Galicia, Spain in on 18th of August 2012 affecting 100 of the 114 passengers travelling on a food banquet cruise boat. Epidemiological information from 65 people was available from follow-on interviews, of which 51 cases showed symptoms of illness. The food items identified through the questionnaires as the most probable source of the infections was shrimp. This product was unique in showing a statistically significant and the highest OR with a value of 7.59 (1.52-37.71). All the nine strains isolated from stool samples were identified as V. parahaemolyticus, seven were positive for both virulence markers tdh and trh, a single strain was positive for trh only and the remaining strain tested negative for both trh and tdh. This is the largest foodborne Vibrio outbreak reported in Europe linked to domestically processed seafood. Moreover, this is the first instance of strains possessing both tdh+ and trh+ being implicated in an outbreak in Europe and that a combination of strains represent several pathogenicity groups and belonging to different genetic variants were isolated from a single outbreak. Clinical isolates were associated with a novel genetic variant of V. parahaemolyticus never detected before in Europe. Further analyses demonstrated that the outbreak isolates showed indistinguishable genetic profiles with hyper-virulent strains from the Pacific Northwest, USA, suggesting a recent transcontinental spread of these strains.

Listeriosis invasiva en la provincia de Pontevedra: ¿objetivo de vigilancia epidemiológica? / Invasive listeriosis in Pontevedra province, Spain: Target of epidemiological surveillance?

No disponible

Valoración de la acogida de pacientes que inician terapia renal sustitutiva: nivel de satisfacción / Assessment of reception of patients initiating renal replacement therapy: level of satisfaction

Introducción: En los últimos años han cobrado especial importancia aspectos tales como la calidad de vida, la salud percibida y la satisfacción del enfermo.El objetivo de este estudio, es valorar el nivel de satisfacción de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica con los cuidados recibidos, cuando inician por primera vez la terapia renal sustitutiva. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en pacientes que inician por primera vez terapia renal sustitutiva. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 83 pacientes. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas relacionadas con la enfermedad renal y seguimientos en consulta. Para valorar la satisfacción con los cuidados recibidos, a los pacientes se les entregó el cuestionario para medir Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (KDQOL-SF), específico para pacientes renales. Dentro de este cuestionario existe un apartado que mide la satisfacción con los cuidados recibidos. Resultados: En el ítem SF23, el 62,7% de la muestra consideró que la amabilidad del personal sanitario fue la mejor posible (43,4%) o excelente (19,3%). Por otro lado, en los ítems SF24a y 24b, el 51,8% de los pacientes opinan que el personal sanitario les anima a ser independientes y el 59% considera que les apoyan a hacer frente a la enfermedad. En el modelo de regresión ordinal utilizado, SF23 y SF24 obtiene mejores puntuaciones para diálisis peritoneal cuando se controlan el resto de variables demográficas, que no son significativas (p<0,05). Conclusión: Valorando como muy positivos los resultados de satisfacción obtenidos hay que resaltar que resultan comparativamente mejores en la diálisis peritoneal (AU)

Introduction: In recent years have become very important issues such as quality of life, perceived health and patient satisfaction.The aim of this study is to assess the level of satisfaction of patients with chronic kidney disease with care received when they first start renal replacement therapy. Objective: A descriptive cross-sectional study in patients who start first renal replacement therapy. The sample consisted of 83 patients. Sociodemographic variables related to kidney disease and follow-on care clinics. To assess satisfaction with the care received, patients were given a questionnaire to measure Quality of Life Related to Health, specific for kidney patients. Within this section there is a questionnaire which measures satisfaction with the care received. Results: In item SF23, 62.7% of the sample felt that the friendliness of health workers was the best (43.4%) or excellent (19.3%). On the other hand, in SF24a and 24b items, 51.8% of patients believe that health staff encourages them to be independent and 59% think it will support coping with illness. In the ordinal regression model used, SF23 and SF24 gets top scores for PD when other demographic variables that are not significant (p <0.05) are controlled. Conclusion: Considering as positive satisfaction. results obtained should be highlighted that are comparatively better in peritoneal dialysis (AU)

Evaluación de un programa comunitario para reducir el aislamiento de personas mayores debido a barreras arquitectónicas / Evaluation of a community program to reduce isolation in older people due to architectural barriers

Objetivo. Se llevó a cabo una intervención comunitaria para reducir el aislamiento de las personas mayores debido a barreras arquitectónicas. Este estudio evalúa sus efectos. Métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental antes-después. Se localizaron en la comunidad personas mayores aisladas en tres zonas desfavorecidas en 2009-11. Salieron quincenalmente con voluntariado y una silla-oruga motorizada. Se estudió la satisfacción y se comparó, con pruebas de McNemar, su estado de salud percibido, su calidad de vida y su salud mental antes y después de cuatro salidas. Resultados. Participaron 74 personas (edad mediana: 83 años; rango intercuartílico: 78-89). La salud percibida mejoró un 21%, la mental un 24% y el malestar psicológico se redujo un 16%. El 98% estaban satisfechas. Conclusiones. La intervención mejoró la salud percibida y la salud mental de las personas participantes. Debería evitarse que estas personas residan en edificios con barreras arquitectónicas, y si no es posible, implementar programas similares a éste (AU)

Objective. Social isolation impairs health. An intervention to reduce isolation due to architectural barriers in elderly persons was carried out in Barcelona (Spain). This study aimed to evaluate its effects on health. Methods. We conducted a quasi-experimental before-after study. Isolated older people were identified in three deprived urban areas from 2009 to 2011. Participants had twice-weekly outings with volunteers in a stair-climbing power wheelchair. User satisfaction was evaluated and perceived health status, quality of life, and mental health before and after four outings were compared with McNemar tests. Results. There were 74 participants (median age: 83 years; IQR: 78-89). Perceived health improved by 21%, mental health by 24%, and psychological distress was reduced by 16%. Most participants (98%) were satisfied. Conclusion. The intervention improved perceived health and mental health. Elderly people with impaired mobility should not live in buildings with architectural barriers and, if this cannot be avoided, similar programs should be implemented (AU)

Adenocarcinoma primario del ombligo: una entidad poco frecuente / Primary adenocarcinoma of the navel: an uncommon entity

No disponible

[Evaluation of a community program to reduce isolation in older people due to architectural barriers]. / Evaluación de un programa comunitario para reducir el aislamiento de personas mayores debido a barreras arquitectónicas.

OBJECTIVE: Social isolation impairs health. An intervention to reduce isolation due to architectural barriers in elderly persons was carried out in Barcelona (Spain). This study aimed to evaluate its effects on health. METHODS: We conducted a quasi-experimental before-after study. Isolated older people were identified in three deprived urban areas from 2009 to 2011. Participants had twice-weekly outings with volunteers in a stair-climbing power wheelchair. User satisfaction was evaluated and perceived health status, quality of life, and mental health before and after four outings were compared with McNemar tests. RESULTS: There were 74 participants (median age: 83 years; IQR: 78-89). Perceived health improved by 21%, mental health by 24%, and psychological distress was reduced by 16%. Most participants (98%) were satisfied. CONCLUSION: The intervention improved perceived health and mental health. Elderly people with impaired mobility should not live in buildings with architectural barriers and, if this cannot be avoided, similar programs should be implemented.

Certificación y recertificación de especialistas en anestesiología: una mirada desde CONACEM / Certification and recertification specialist anesthesiology: a look from CONACEM

Desde 1984 la Corporación Autónoma de Certificación de Especialidades Médicas (CONACEM) ha certificado 12.294 especialistas médicos en Chile. La disciplina de Anestesiología inició su certificación en 1985, habiendo reconocido hasta diciembre de 2012 a 716 especialistas. Para la certificación existen tres vías posibles: a) haber aprobado un Programa de Formación Universitario Acreditado, lo que hizo el 53 por ciento de los postulantes; b) cumplir los requisitos de Adiestramiento en Práctica durante 5 años, lo que hizo un 41 por ciento de los postulantes. c) haber sido formado en el extranjero de acuerdo a programas convalidados. Existen 7 programas universitarios acreditados, de 3 años de duración, con un cupo total anual de 39 alumnos que se desarrollan en Santiago y provincias. Salvo los médicos aprobados en los Programas Universitarios acreditados, el resto de los postulantes requieren dar un examen práctico; desde 2002 se ha agregado un examen escrito, cuya aprobación es requisito para dar el práctico, y que ha resultado tener buena discriminación (49 por ciento de rechazo promedio en el período de 11 años de existencia). Las certificaciones dadas hoy, tienen una duración de 10 años al inicio y serán de 7 años en la recertificación. La caducidad de las certificaciones está aparejada al proceso de recertificación, de lo cual se discuten las razones que lo avalan; se presentan los requisitos y tabla de créditos a cumplir, elaborada por CONACEM. La legislación vigente y en proceso, requiere la actuación de al menos una entidad certificadora, condición que ha sido otorgada legalmente en forma única por el Ministerio de Salud a CONACEM a partir del 11/02/2014...

Since 1984, 12.294 different medical specialists have been certified in Chile by the Corporación Autónoma de Certificación de Especialidades Médicas (CONACEM). The certification in Anestesiology specialty was initiated in 1985 reaching 716 candidates approved until December 2012. Three ways are available to achieve certification: a) to be approved by a reputable university program in the specialization; this way has been used by 53 percent of postulants; b) to fulfill the requirements of a 5 years practical training program, as 41 percent of postulants did; c) to have passed a training program abroad, similar to those in force in Chile (< 5 percent). There are 7, three-year-long reputable university programs with a total annual capacity of 39 students; half of it is for programs developed in provinces. With the exception of doctors completing reputable university programs, others postulants are require to pass a five days practical examination. Since 2002 a written test has been added, which must be taken and approved as a condition of the practical examination. Written examinations have demonstrated good discriminative capacity (52 percent average approval in 11 years). Extended certifications currently have a 10 years duration for the first time and 7 years for subsequent recertification. Revocation of certification involves installing a recertification mechanism. The reasons that support the recertification are analyzed, and also present the requirements to obtaining it. Current legislation requires that certification and recertification are done by accrediting entities. CONACEM has been legally recognized by de Ministery of Health since February 2014 as the unique entity to perform that labor...

Certificación y Recertificación de Especialistas en Psiquiatría de Adultos: Una mirada desde CONACEM / Certification and recertification of specialists in Adult Psychiatry: Aview from CONACEM

Since 1984, 12.265 different medical specialists have been certified in Chile by the Corporación Autónoma de Certificación de Especialidades Médicas (CONACEM). The certification in Psychiatry specialty was initiated in 1984 reaching504 candidates approved until December 2013. Three ways are available to achieve certification: a) to be approved by a reputable university program in the specialization; this way has been used by 42% of postulants; b) to fulfill the requirements of a 5 years practical training program, as 50% of postulants did; c) to have passed a training program abroad, similar to those in force in Chile (8%). There are 9, three-year-long reputable university programs with a total annual capacity of 46 students; almost half of it is for programs developed in provinces. With the exception of doctors completing reputable university programs, others postulants are require to pass a five days practical examination. Since 2002 a written test has been added, which must be taken and approved as a condition of the practical examination. Written examinations have demonstrated good discriminative capacity (82% average approval in 12 years). Extended certifications currently have a 10 years duration for the first time and 7 years for subsequent recertification. Revocation of certification involves installing a recertification mechanism. The reasons that support the recertification are analyzed, and also present the requirements to obtaining it. Current legislation requires that certification and recertification are done by accrediting entities. CONACEM has been legally recognized by de Ministery of Health since February 2014 as the unique entity to perform that labor.

Desde 1984 la Corporación Autónoma de Certificación de Especialidades Médicas (CONACEM) ha certificado 12.665 especialistas médicos en Chile. La disciplina de Psiquiatría inició su certificación en 1986, habiendo certificado hasta diciembre de 2013 a 504 especialistas. Para la certificación existen tres vías posibles: a) haber aprobado un Programa de Formación Universitario Acreditado, lo que hizo el 42% de los postulantes; b) cumplir los requisitos de Adiestramiento en Práctica durante 5 años, como sucedió con el 50% de los postulantes; c) haber sido formado en el extranjero de acuerdo a programas convalidados. Existen 9 programas universitarios acreditados, de 3 años de duración, con un cupo total anual de 46 alumnos que se desarrollan en Santiago (n: 5) y Provincias (n: 4). Salvo los médicos aprobados en los Programas Universitarios acreditados, el resto de los postulantes requirió aprobar un examen práctico, y desde 2002, además, un examen escrito, como requisito para dar el práctico, y que ha resultado tener buena discriminación (18% de rechazo promedio en el período de 12 años). Las certificaciones dadas hoy, tienen una duración de 10 años al inicio y serán de 7 años en la recertificación. La caducidad de las certificaciones está aparejada al proceso de recertificación, de lo cual se discuten las razones que lo avalan; se presentan los requisitos y una tabla de créditos a cumplir, elaboradas por CONACEM. La legislación vigente y en proceso, requiere la actuación de al menos una entidad certificadora, condición que ha sido otorgada legalmente en forma única por el Ministerio de Salud a CONACEM a partir del 11/02/2014.

Absceso suburetral en mujer joven / Suburethral abscess in young woman

No disponible